<i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi; Agbo Aderonke Nana; Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe; Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 10 October 2022 Accepted: 3 November 2022 Published: 29 December 2022

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Abstract

The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
Page(s)	65-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract, Ameliorate, Behavior Toxicity, Median Lethal Toxicity, Hetereoclarias Hybrid, Disclosure, Cassava Wastewater

References

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APA Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. (2022). Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 7(4), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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ACS Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi; Agbo Aderonke Nana; Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe; Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2022, 7(4), 65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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AMA Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2022;7(4):65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12,
  author = {Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi and Agbo Aderonke Nana and Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe and Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike},
  title = {Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {65-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20220704.12},
  abstract = {The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW
AU  - Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi
AU  - Agbo Aderonke Nana
AU  - Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe
AU  - Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 65
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
AB  - The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi

Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
Agbo Aderonke Nana

Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Kaduna, Nigeria
Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe

Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike

Department of Agronomy and Ecological Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. (2022). Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 7(4), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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ACS Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi; Agbo Aderonke Nana; Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe; Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2022, 7(4), 65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

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AMA Style

Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi, Agbo Aderonke Nana, Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe, Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2022;7(4):65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12,
  author = {Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi and Agbo Aderonke Nana and Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe and Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike},
  title = {Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {65-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20220704.12},
  abstract = {The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract MOLE Ameliorate the Behaviour and Median Lethal Toxicity of Hetereoclarias Hybrid Fingerlings Disclosed to Cassava Wastewater CWW
AU  - Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi
AU  - Agbo Aderonke Nana
AU  - Uwadiegwu Nicholas Chinwe
AU  - Okechukwu Godwin Chukwuka Ejike
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 65
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220704.12
AB  - The ameliorative potency of Moringa oleifera leaf extract MOLE 2mg/L on cassava wastewater CWW 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.00 mg CWW /L of clean water, disclosed to the hybrid fingerlings 2.00 ± 0.00g of the African catfish was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a semi static Fisheries Unit Laboratory bioassay, Enugu Lat. 7.4N; 8° 7’5 and long 6° 8’E. 7° 6’ W for 96 hours. The acute toxicity was followed by the addition of a safety dose of MOLE to each of the acute concentration, and disclosed to the test fish of similar species and weight, for exact time of the acute test. Disclosed fish showed rapid swimming movements, mouth gaping and constraint, and loss of equilibrium and inactivity prior to demise. Dose dependent oxygenation rate and tail pulsation regularity was indicated at the onset of the experiment, but decreased towards the finish of the disclosure interval. The 96 hours LC50 was resolved to be 0.028 mg/L but was made more tolerable at 0.044 mg/L when MOLE was added. The test contaminant not surpassing the welfare utility level of 0.00028 mg/L should not be let into the aquatic environment for the farming of hybrid fingerlings of the test fish, except where 2.00 mg/L MOLE is applied to decrease the lethality of CWW to 0.00044 mg CWW/L of water.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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