Effects of Mixture Toxicity of Erythromycin, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on the Freshwater Isopod, Asellus aquaticus
Ogunbanwo Olatayo Michael
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
41-49
Received:
13 April 2021
Accepted:
10 July 2021
Published:
16 July 2021
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals are continuously released into the aquatic environment mostly as wastewater effluents through sewage treatment plants, run-offs, effluents from pharmaceutical manufacturing companies etc. This results in chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. Although, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment are usually in ngL-1 to mg L-1 range, they are not likely to result in lethal toxicity. Nevertheless, extended and unabated exposure to low concentrations of drugs could lead to sublethal effects or even multigenerational effects. The aim of this study was to seek to improve the understanding of the effects of prolonged low-level exposure of Asellus aquaticus (aquatic macro-invertebrates) to mixtures of erythromycin, diclofenac and ibuprofen. On exposure to the mixture, growth rate decreased, feed intake was reduced but mortality was not significant for A. aquaticus. The effects of these pharmaceuticals on the growth, feeding and mortality of the test animal were as a result of the actions of the drugs and not attributed to a more general stress response. Although pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health their usage and discharge to the aquatic environment coupled with their ecotoxicity to aquatic life may lead to ecological problems in the near future. Furthermore, this research confirms the suitability of the test species (A. aquaticus) as ecotoxicological test species that is both amenable to laboratory culture and sufficiently sensitive to provide reliable quantification of environmental risk.
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals are continuously released into the aquatic environment mostly as wastewater effluents through sewage treatment plants, run-offs, effluents from pharmaceutical manufacturing companies etc. This results in chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. Although, the concentrations of pharmaceuticals i...
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Floristic Composition, Structure and Regeneration Status of Hamdo Natural Forest, Gursum Woreda East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Tahir Abdela,
Abdurazak Sufiyan,
Befkadu Mewded,
Kitessa Gemechu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
50-58
Received:
24 May 2021
Accepted:
6 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted on Hamdo Natural Forest located in Gursum woreda, east Hararghe Zone. The aim of this study was to assess floristic composition, population structure and identifying regeneration status. Systematic sampling method was employed to collect vegetation data by focusing on vegetation homogeneity. A total of 36 quadrats having (30x30m=900 m2) size were sampled. Within each of main quadrat all woody species>2.5cm dbh and 2m height was measured dbh and height. where species <2.5 and <2m height was counted within sub-plot 1mx1m size laid at four corners each and one at the center of the large plot to assess regeneration status. The collected data was organized first on excel and analysis by shaman index and IVI. A total of 50 plant species, representing 36 families and 24 genera were recorded from study area. Fabaceae was the dominant family represented by 3 genera and 10 species. Followed by Anacardiaceae had (6 species, 25%). Combretaceae, Oleaceae and Tiliaceae were the third highest family (3species, 12.5%). The total density of seedling, sapling and mature tree in Hamdo forest was 1007, 648, and 1651 individuals per ha respectively whereas the basal area of the forest was 30.4 m2ha-1. The evidence of population structure and regeneration status of the forest showed the existence of anthropogenic disturbances like overgrazing, illegal cutting of tree for fire wood charcoal and construction. Hence, the establishment of in-situ site through exclosure was sound approach for the sustainable conservation of the study are biodiversity before threatened.
Abstract: This study was conducted on Hamdo Natural Forest located in Gursum woreda, east Hararghe Zone. The aim of this study was to assess floristic composition, population structure and identifying regeneration status. Systematic sampling method was employed to collect vegetation data by focusing on vegetation homogeneity. A total of 36 quadrats having (3...
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Application of Zinc Mitigates the Salt-Induced Effects on Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Sadia Afrin,
Nahid Akhtar,
Feroza Hossain
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
59-64
Received:
19 June 2021
Accepted:
14 July 2021
Published:
29 July 2021
Abstract: Salinity is a major issue restricting sustainable soybean production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Zinc is an important micronutrient which may improve plant growth and development. Therefore, a research was undertaken to clarify the role of zinc on growth of soybean under salt stress. The experiment was conducted using six levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) of NaCl and the plant was also treated with zinc under different salinity levels. This experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Maximum salt stress (250 mM NaCl) caused reduction in plant height by 64.35%, 58.82%, 56.90% and 57.37%, leaf number by 72.68%, 65.31%, 57.57% and 53.41% and leaf area by 84.31%, 76.67%, 70.61%, and 67.96% at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after treatment, respectively. Whereas, application of Zn to salt-stressed plants elevated plant height by 82.38%, 49.24%, 49.93%, and 43.51%, leaf number by 41.02%, 16.48%, 2.61%, and 11.28% and leaf area by 41.85%, 40.09%, 18.47% and 17.67% at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after treatment, respectively. These results indicate that zinc plays an important role on growth of salt-stressed soybean. Zn application compensated the deleterious effects of Na+ and Cl- ions and led to greater plant growth.
Abstract: Salinity is a major issue restricting sustainable soybean production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Zinc is an important micronutrient which may improve plant growth and development. Therefore, a research was undertaken to clarify the role of zinc on growth of soybean under salt stress. The experiment was conducted using six levels (0,...
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